Understanding: Kineographs

The Kineograph, or more commonly known as flip books, is a book that is made up of sequential images that gradually change from one page to another, so that when they are flicked through quickly it appears as though there is one moving image.

Flip Book featured in Hot Fuzz

John Barnes Linnett was the first to patent the design of the Kineograph in 1868, and they are essentially a "primitive form of animation". They rely on the persistence of vision, so this requires the imagery to be smooth as well as the pages to be flipped at a quick rate to allow for the illusion of movement to be created. 

Flip books are still fairly popular today and are very useful for traditional animators. If the sequence doesn't work in a flip book, then it's not going to work anywhere else and the motion is going to need to be adjusted. Not only are they used to determine whether moving sequences are going to work, they are also used for the purposes of entertainment today.

Matrix Inspired Flip Book

This is a wonderful example of a modern-day flip book. It has been heavily inspired by The Matrix film series, and has been executed fantastically. The movements are very human-like and realistic, and the transition from one frame/page to the other is very smooth; a great example of an entertaining kineograph.